Neco 2024 Data Processing Answers
01-10: CADBDBEDBA
11-20: EADDADACAC
21-30: CCAEADADDE
31-40: BBACCCDBCD
41-50: AACEDAADAC
51-60: EEDACEBDAC
COMPLEhttps://within9ja.com.ngTED
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(1a)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Employment generation
(ii) Contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
(iii) Provision of raw materials for agro-industries
(iv) Export earnings for foreign exchange
(v) Income generation for rural communities
(vi) Enhancement of food security and nutrition
(vii) Conservation of natural resources
(1bi)
-Inconsistent Government Policies-
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Develop consistent long-term policies that encourage investment and innovation in agriculture.
(ii) Foster stakeholder involvement in policy-making to ensure policies align with needs and realities.
(iii) Provide incentives for agricultural producers and businesses to attract and retain investment.
(iv) Enhance regulatory frameworks to prevent policy reversals and promote stability.
(v) Engage with international organizations and development partners to harmonize policies.
(1bii)
-Unpredictable Climate-
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Invest in research and development of drought-tolerant and disease-resistant crop varieties.
(ii) Implement irrigation systems to manage water scarcity and mitigate drought impacts.
(iii) Promote conservation farming practices, such as mulching and crop rotation, to enhance soil moisture retention.
(iv) Develop early warning systems to forecast weather conditions and prepare farmers for extreme events.
(v) Provide crop insurance and disaster relief programs to mitigate the economic effects of climate-related disasters.
(1c)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Precision: Tree puller removes trees selectively, preserving valuable soil and preventing erosion.
(ii) Minimal soil disturbance: Unlike bulldozers, tree pullers do not compact soil or damage root systems of neighboring plants.
(iii) Environmentally friendly: Tree pullers avoid the release of harmful emissions associated with bulldozers.
(iv) Energy efficiency: Tree pullers are more fuel-efficient than bulldozers, reducing operating costs.
(v) Cost-effectiveness: Tree pullers may be more economical for small-scale land clearing operations.
(vi) Habitat preservation: Tree pullers can be used to remove specific trees without disturbing the surrounding ecosystem.
(vii) Selective harvesting: This allows farmers to retain desirable trees, such as fruit-bearing or shade trees, while removing undesirable ones.
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(2ai)
Farm planning is the systematic process of organizing and managing the resources of a farm to achieve specific goals and objectives. It involves developing a comprehensive plan that outlines the farm’s objectives, strategies, and actions required to reach those objectives.
(2aii)
[In a Tabular form]
-Gunter’s Chain-
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Measuring distances during land surveying
(ii) Establishing baselines for triangulation
(iii) Laying out plots and fields
(iv) Determining the area of land
-Theodolite-
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Measuring horizontal and vertical angles
(ii) Establishing reference points for surveying
(iii) Leveling and aligning structures
(iv) Surveying buildings and other structures
-Beacon-
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Marking reference points for surveying
(ii) Establishing temporary benchmarks
(iii) Identifying property boundaries
(iv) Providing visual landmarks for navigation
-Prismatic Compass-
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Determining the magnetic north direction
(ii) Measuring bearings and angles
(iii) Orienting maps and plans
(iv) Surveying land boundaries
(2b)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Improved crop yields through genetic engineering and biotechnology
(ii)!Precision farming techniques for efficient resource use
(iii) Disease and pest control through advanced diagnostics and treatments
(iv) Mechanization to increase labor productivity and reduce costs
(v) Development of sustainable farming practices to protect the environment
(vi) Data analytics for informed decision-making and risk management
(vii) Access to real-time information and market data through mobile technologies
(2c)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Provision of raw materials: Agriculture provides raw materials, such as crops, livestock, and fiber, for agro-allied industries.
(ii) Value addition: Agro-allied industries process agricultural products into value-added products, such as food, beverages, and textiles.
(iii) Employment creation: Both agriculture and agro-allied industries generate employment opportunities in rural and urban areas.
(iv) Economic growth: The growth of agro-allied industries contributes to overall economic growth and development.
(v) Technology transfer: Agro-allied industries often introduce new technologies and practices into the agricultural sector.
(vi) Market linkages: Agro-allied industries provide markets for agricultural products, ensuring stable incomes for farmers.
(vii) Diversification: The development of agro-allied industries diversifies the rural economy, reducing dependence on primary agricultural production.
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(3ai)
Soil pH: Soil pH affects agricultural production by influencing nutrient availability, soil microbial activity, and the solubility of toxic elements. Different crops have different pH requirements, and soil pH can impact plant growth and overall yield.
(3aii)
Soil structure: Soil structure refers to the arrangementproducts
particles and affects factors such as water infiltration, root penetration, and oxygen availability. Good soil structure promotes healthy root growth and improves water retention, leading to better agricultural production.
(3aiii)
Topography: Topography influences agricultural production by affecting factors like water drainage, erosion, and sunlight exposure. Sloped terrains can lead to soil erosion and water runoff, while products rains may experience waterlogging. Proper management of topography can optimize agricultural productivity.
(3b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Rocks provide essential minerals and nutrients to the soil, supporting plant growth.
(ii) Rocks serve as a source of building materials for infrastructure in agriculture, such as stone walls or pathways.
(iii) Rocks help in soil stabilization and erosion control in agricultural products
(iv) Certain rocks, like limestone, can be used to adjust soil pH and improve soil fertility.
(v) Rocks are used in the construction of irrigation structures and water containment systems.
(vi) Rocks are valuable for landscaping and beautification of agricultural areas.
(3c)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Leaching: Nitrogen can be washed out of the soil by excess water, leading to nutrient runoff.
(ii) Denitrification: Microbial processes can convert soil nitrogen into gaseous forms, such as nitrous oxide, which is lost to the atmosphere.
(iii) Volatilization: Ammonium nitrogen can be converted into ammonia gas and lost to the air.
(iv) Erosion: Soil erosion can result in the loss of nitrogen-rich topsoil.
(v) Plant uptake: Nitrogen can be taken up by plants and harvested, removing it from the soil system.
(vi) Fixation: Certain soil minerals can bind nitrogen, making it less available to plants.
(3d)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Pesticides and herbicides
(ii) Heavy metals
(iii) Industrial products and wastes
(iv) Fertilizers
(v) Plastic debris
(vi) Oil and petroleum products
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NECO AGRIC SCIENCE
NUMBER FOUR
(4ai)
Irrigation is the artificial application of water to soil or land to assist in the growth of crops and plants when natural rainfall is insufficient or irregular.
(4aii)
(i) Water wastage: Inefficient irrigation methods can lead to water wastage and excessive water use.
(ii) Soil salinization: Over-irrigation can cause salts to accumulate in the soil, leading to reduced crop yields.
(iii) Waterlogging: Poor drainage in irrigated areas can result in waterlogging, suffocating plant roots and reducing crop productivity.
(iv) Aquifer depletion: Excessive irrigation can deplete underground water sources, leading to long-term water scarcity and environmental degradation.
(4b)
Draw the diagram below
(4ci)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Formed from pre-existing rocks that are subjected to high temperature and pressure.
(ii) Displays foliation or banding due to the alignment of mineral crystals.
(iii) Often contains minerals such as mica, quartz, and feldspar.
(iv) Hard and durable due to the intense heat and pressure during formation.
(v) Can exhibit a wide range of colors and textures, depending on the parent rock and metamorphic conditions.
(vi) Commonly found in mountain ranges and areas of convergent tectonic activity.
(4cii)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Limestone
(ii) Rock salt
(iii) Gypsum
(iv) Chert
(v) Dolomite
(vi) Evaporites
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(5ai)
Soil requirement: Rubber trees require well-drained, deep soils with a pH between 4.5 and 7.0. They thrive in sandy loam or clay loam soils that are rich in organic matter.
(5aii)
Climatic requirement: Rubber trees require a warm and humid climate with temperatures ranging between 20°C to 34°C. They need evenly distributed rainfall of around 1800-3000mm annually.
(5aiii)
Planting date in nursery: Rubber tree seeds are usually planted in nurseries during the rainy season to ensure good moisture levels for germination and initial growth.
(5aiv)
One fungal disease: Leaf spot disease, caused by the fungus Cercospora, can affect rubber trees by causing spots on the leaves, leading to defoliation and reduced latex production.
(5av)
One industrial product: Rubber latex obtained from rubber trees is used in the production of various industrial products such as tires, gloves, footwear, and various other rubber goods.
(5bi)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Reduced yield potential
(ii) Increased susceptibility to diseases and pests
(iii) Poor crop establishment
(iv) Limited genetic diversity
(v) Inefficient use of resources
(vi) Higher production costs
(5bii)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Use healthy and disease-free parent plants
(ii) Ensure proper sanitation of tools to prevent the spread of diseases
(iii) Provide adequate nutrition to the plants
(iv) Maintain proper moisture levels in the rooting medium
(v) Protect the layered plants from excessive heat or cold
(vi) Monitor the layered plants regularly for any signs of stress or disease
(5c)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) High nutritional value
(ii) Palatable to livestock
(iii) Drought-resistant
(iv) Disease-resistant
(v) Good ground cover to prevent soil erosion
(vi) Tolerant to grazing pressure
(vii) Ability to regrow quickly after grazing
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(6a)
Agro forestry is a land management system that combines trees and shrubs with crops and/or livestock in a way that allows them to interact beneficially.
(6b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Beautification of gardens, parks, and landscapes.
(ii) Indoor decoration in homes and offices.
(iii) Floral arrangements for events and ceremonies.
(iv) Screening or hedging to provide privacy.
(v) Medicinal and aromatic purposes.
(vi) Wildlife habitat and food sources.
(6c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Reduction in crop yield and quality.
(ii) Increased production costs due to pest control measures.
(iii) Loss of market value for damaged produce.
(iv) Disruption of export trade due to quarantine restrictions.
(v) Spread of plant diseases through insect vectors.
(vi) Development of resistance in pest populations to control measures.
(6di)
Causal organism: The causal agent of swollen shoot disease in cocoa is the Cocoa swollen shoot virus (CSSV), which belongs to the genus “Cocaduvirus.”
(6dii)
One symptom: One prominent symptom of swollen shoot disease is the characteristic swelling or enlargement of the terminal buds of cocoa branches and shoots, leading to a distortion of plant growth.
(6diii)
One mode of transmission: The virus is primarily transmitted through the planting of infected vegetative propagules such as cuttings or buds from infected trees.
(6div)
One control measure: One control measure for swollen shoot disease is the strict sanitation of infected trees by uprooting and destroying them to prevent further spread of the virus. Additionally, planting of disease-resistant cocoa varieties can help manage the disease.
(6e)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Mulching
(ii) Crop rotation
(iii) Hand weeding
(iv) Planting competitive crops
